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Page: Causes
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Common causes of macroscopic hematuria (i.e. blood visible in the urine) include:
* Benign familial hematuria
* Urinary Schistosomiasis (caused by Schistosoma haematobium) - a major cause for hematuria in many African and Middle-Eastern countries;
* IgA nephropathy ("Berger's disease") - occurs during viral infections in predisposed patients;
* Kidney stones (or bladder stones, now a rare disease);
* Bladder cancer;
* Renal cell carcinoma - occasionally presents with bleeding;
* Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria - a rare disease where hemoglobin of hemolysed cells is passed into the urine.
* Urinary tract infection with some bacterial species including strains of EPEC and Staphylococcus saprophyticus
* Sickle cell trait can precipitate large amounts of red blood cell discharge, but only a small number of individuals endure this problem
* Arteriovenous malformation of the kidney (rare, but may impress like renal cell carcinoma on scans as both are highly vascular)
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