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There are two broad categories of intrauterine contraceptive devices: copper-based devices, and those that work by releasing a progestogen.
In the United States, there are two types of intrauterine contraceptive available; the copper Paragard and the hormonal Mirena. In the United States, both of these these contraceptives are referred to as IUDs.
In the United Kingdom, the term IUD only refers to inert or copper-containing devices, of which there are are seven types available. In the UK, hormonal uterine contraceptives are considered as a separate form of contraception from IUDs, and they are distinguished with the term IntraUterine System or IUS.
Most non-hormonal IUDs have a plastic T-shaped frame that is wrapped with copper and/or has copper bands. In some IUDs, such as the Nova T 380, the pure copper wire has a silver core which has been shown to prevent breaking of the wire. The arms of the frame hold the IUD in place near the top of the uterus. The GyneFix does not have a T-shape, but rather is a loop that holds several copper tubes. The GyneFix is held in place by a suture to the fundus of the uterus. All copper-containing IUDs have a number as part of their name. This is the surface area of copper (in square millimeters) the IUD provides.
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