|
Page: Genetics
Main article
| Home > Personal and Social Issues > Genetics |
Genetics (from the Greek genno ????? = give birth) is the science of genes, heredity, and the variation of organisms. The phenomenon of inheritance has been implicitly utilized in breeding of organisms and selection for desired traits, and the scientific field of genetics seeks to understand the mechanisms of inheritance.
The genetic information of organisms is contained within the chemical structure of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecules. Individually inherited traits, corresponding to regions in the DNA sequence, are called genes. Genes encode the information necessary for synthesizing proteins -- complex molecules generally responsible for enzymatic reactions, synthesis, communication and structure within a cell. DNA sequence is transcribed into an intermediate RNA (ribonucleic acid) molecule, "messenger RNA", and ribosomes translate this sequence to form a chain of amino acids, thereby creating a protein molecule. It is through their proteins that most genes have a biological effect.
Although genetics plays a large role in determining the appearance and behavior of organisms, it is the interaction of genetics with the environment that determines the ultimate outcome. Thus, while identical twins have the same DNA and genes, differences in their experiences during development and childhood results in different personalities and fingerprints.
|
Important notice:
The content is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other
qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.
|